Good question.
I believe they can reach 12" from tip to tip. Considering this and the speed of growth I have observed in a large tank before they ate all the available food, my guesstimate of lifespan is around 10+ years, though it could be longer.
Here is a good read by a noted authority.
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2002/5/invertsIt seems to me there has been little advancement in our knowledge of Sea
Stars since 2002 when this article was written. In fact, it wouldn't
surprise me if Toonen has since become more conservative in his
viewpoint regarding the Linckia Stars.
I too had a Blue Linckia arm that lived for 6 months after the rest of the Star had died early.
Aloha,
Mark