As I'm sure you know, it's a bit different than a Goldfish bowl.
I might categorize a reef tank into four areas:
1. The tank and supplementary external filtration - glass or acrylic tank? Skimmer, UV, Ozone, Sump/Refugium or None of these?
2. The biology and biofiltration - living things living together and filtering their own ecosystem
3. The illumination - sunlight and/or variations of artificial light
4. The water flow - pumps, powerheads providing effective multi-directional water flow
The size of the tank and it's occupants has a lot to do with supplementary equipment. In the simplest method this 75 gal tank, pictured below with yours truly, was equipped with 3 powerheads(one only is visible) and received its major illumination from the sun. All filtration was accomplished within the tank itself by it's millions of tiny occupants. This is a reef in it's most simple and natural state. Any more than this is completely up to you.
Aloha,
Mark
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